Osteotome sinus floor elevation technique without grafting material: 3-year results of a prospective pilot study.

OBJECTIVE In a prospective pilot study, short< or =10 mm ITI-SLA implants were placed in the resorbed posterior maxilla by means of an osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) procedure without grafting material. This paper presents 3-year data assessing bone-level changes around implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-five implants were placed in 17 patients to rehabilitate 16 molar and nine premolar sites. The mean residual bone height (RBH) was 5.4 +/- 2.3 mm. A healing period of 3-4 months was allowed before abutment tightening. Most implants (21/25) were 10 mm long, and the others were 8 and 6 mm long. At the 3-year control, endo-sinus bone gain, implant length protruding into the sinus and crestal bone loss (CBL) were measured on periapical radiographs. RESULTS All implants fulfilled the survival criteria. Despite the absence of grafting material, implants were embedded into newly formed bone tissue. All implants gained endo-sinus bone; the mean gained bone was 3.1 +/- 1.5 mm. The residual protrusion length decreased from 4.9 +/- 2.1 to 1.8 +/- 2.1 mm. CBL was 0.9 +/- 0.8 mm. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms that the OSFE procedure without grafting material is sufficient to create bone beyond the natural limit of the sinus. On the mid-term of 3 years, the technique was found to be predictable in the posterior maxilla when the RBH is limited. Implants gained endo-sinus bone despite the lack of grafting material. Bone gain was still improving over the first-year control. No shrinkage of the augmented area was observed.